Didrachma Romana Index De variis notis per annos digestis | Nexus interni Notae | Fontes | Tabula navigationis

Nummi Romae antiquae


drachmasNeapolitanas211 a.C.n.denariusCapuaTarentumHannibalisimperatoribus RomanisDrachmaequadrigatorumTarentiniNeapolitaniSyracusaniCarthaginenses






Didrachmum argenteum : Caput laureatum Apollinis / Equus. ROMA.


Didrachma[1] (Graece δίδραχμον) Romana vel nonnumquam etiam Romano-Campana dicta, fuerunt nummi argentei duas drachmas Neapolitanas valentes pendentesque (id est circiter 6gr.76, 2X3gr.38) et primo ROMANO, postea etiam ROMA inscripti, quos civitas Romana tertio saeculo a.C.n. usque ad annos 215/212 a.C.n. percussit. Etenim tertio saeculo ineunte in Italia meridionali Romani cum alios mores Graecos imitati sunt, tum rem nummariam quoque sibi assumpserunt. Itaque didrachmum prima ac praecipua moneta argentea Romanorum fuit usque ad secundum bellum Punicum . At circa annum 211 a.C.n. denarius in eius locum creatus est : sic Romani divortium faciebant cum civitatibus Graecis (Capua, Tarentum ...) quae Hannibalis societatem inierant.


Postea sub imperatoribus Romanis quoque didrachma in provinciis orientalibus vulgo cudebantur, litteris Graecis saepius (non semper tamen) inscripta, qui nummi "Graeci imperiales" dici solent vel " Romani provinciales".




Index





  • 1 De variis notis per annos digestis

    • 1.1 ROMANO inscripta


    • 1.2 ROMA inscripta



  • 2 Nexus interni


  • 3 Notae


  • 4 Fontes




De variis notis per annos digestis |


Duo praecipua genera a numismatistis distinguuntur : didrachma "ROMANO" et didrachma "ROMA" inscripta. Porro etiam variarum notarum ordinem per annos digerere moderni eruditi conati sunt[2] :



ROMANO inscripta |




Didrachmum argenteum ROMANO inscriptum : Roma galeata / Victoria palmam coronans.


  • Circa 300/280 a.C.n. : Caput Martis galeatum et barbatum / Caput equi cum inscriptione ROMANO. Non Romae sed in urbe aliqua Magnae Graeciae, sive Metaponti in Lucania, sive Neapoli in Campania sive alias hoc didrachma percussum a modernis numismatistis creditur. De re nummaria "Romano-Campana" agitur. Certe antiquissimus nummus Romanus argenteus hodie notus est. Peraequatum pondus servatorum nummorum : 7gr.3.

  • Circa 270 a.C.n. : Apollinis caput / Equus et paulo post "Caput Herculis cum clava / Lupa geminos Romulum Remumque nutriens". Plinius Maior in Historia Naturali[3] scripsit anno 269 a.C.n. primum argentea moneta Romanos usos esse. Itaque nonnulli numismatistae didrachma Herculis ad illum annum referunt atque tunc primum in officina Capitolini montis nummos argenteos cusos esse arbitrantur. Non liquet. Peraequatum pondus servatorum nummorum : 7gr.2.

  • Circa 250 a.C.n. : Roma / Victoria alata cum palma per primum bellum Punicum editum. Peraequatum pondus servatorum nummorum : 6gr.6.


ROMA inscripta |




Didrachmum argenteum : Caput galeatum Martis/Equus. Utraque parte clava videtur. ROMA.


  • Circa 240 a.C.n. : Mars galeatus / Caput equi, pone caput falx.

  • Circa 235 a.C.n. : Apollo / Equus

  • Circa 230 a.C.n. : Caput Martis cum clava / Equus cum clava.

  • Circa 225-212 a.C.n. : Caput geminum Iani / Iuppiter fulmen tenens cum Victoria quadrigis vectus. Hic nummus vulgo quadrigatus appellabatur quia quadrigas ex altera parte praebebat.

Usque ad secundum bellum Punicum pondus didrachmatum paulatim inclinabat, primis annis vero belli pondus quadrigatorum ob penuriam argenti vehementer imminutum est, antequam ex toto cudi desierunt. Illi nummi non tantum Romae sed etiam in urbibus Graecis Campaniae et Lucaniae percussi fuisse putantur a numismatistis, in quibus regionibus plerique ab archaeologis etiam inventi sunt. Itaque de re monetaria "Romano-Campana" loquuntur.


Drachmae quoque isdem notis nonnumquam cusae sunt, sed multo rariores sunt quam didrachmata. Ingens numerus quadrigatorum cum Iani capite emissus est : antea contra nummi Romani multo pauciores atque rariores erant quam Tarentini vel Neapolitani vel Syracusani ... necnon Carthaginenses.




Didrachmum vel quadrigatus: Caput dei Iani/Iuppiter in quadrigis, fulmen vibrans


Nexus interni



  • Aes grave - Quadrigatus - Denarius


Notae |



  1. ↑ Latine dici potest vel didrachmum,-i,n., vel didrachama, -atis,n. vel etiam rarius didrachma, -ae, f.


  2. ↑ Chronologia et pondera peraequata e libro Andreae Burnett (p.15) ducta sunt


  3. ↑ XXXIII,13.



Fontes |


  • Burnett Andrew 1988, La Numismatique romaine, Parisiis, Errance. ISBN 2-903442-69-X.

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